๐๐. ๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ซ๐๐ ๐ฆ ๐งฑ
ะฝะฐ ะบะฐะฝะฐะปะต: Dr Ayman Khanfour Anatomy Teaching
"๐ง๐ต๐ถ๐ ๐๐ถ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ผ ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ต๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ด๐บ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ด๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ถ๐๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ด๐ถ๐ป, ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป, ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ป๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฝ๐ฝ๐น๐, ๐ถ๐ป ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ผ ๐ถ๐๐ ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐, ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐น๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐, ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐น๐ถ๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ (๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ ๐๐ค, ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐น, ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ถ๐ป๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ ๐พ๐๐ฒ๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐)."
๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ฌ (๐ญ๐ข๐ฆ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฌ)๐กุงููุตูู (ุงูุทูุงุจุน ุงูุฒู
ููุฉ)
00:00 - Intro (ู
ูุฏู
ุฉ)
00:18 - Content (ุงูู
ุญุชูู)
00:37 - Definition
01:16 - Origin
02:06 - I. Sternal origin
03:25 - II. Costal origin
04:19 - III. Vertebral origin: (2 crura + 5 arcuate ligaments)
04:27 - A. Crura
06:07 - B. Arcuate ligaments
07:55 - Insertion
08:59 - Parts
09:31 - Shape
10:40 - Nerve supply
11:37 - Actions
13:16 - Relations
16:57 - Main openings in the diaphragm
19:19 - Other structures passing through the diaphragm
21:48 - Applied anatomy
23:09 - MCQ
๐๐๐ซ๐ญ๐๐๐ซ๐จ-๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐ (๐๐ฅ๐ฌ๐จ ๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ค'๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ซ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง, ๐๐จ๐๐ก๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ค'๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐) ๐
-- This is a triangular gap devoid of muscle fibers between the vertebral and
costal origins of the diaphragm.
-- The base of the triangle is formed by the lateral part of the last rib.
-- It is filled with fat and areolar tissue, which separates the kidney from the pleura.
-- Embryologically, it represents the pleura-peritoneal membrane.
๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ ๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ซ๐๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐?
-- It is an abnormal passage of parts of the intestine from the abdominal cavity to the thoracic cavity through the diaphragm, with a hole in the diaphragm.
-- Organs in the abdomen (such as intestines, stomach, and liver) can move through the hole in the diaphragm and upwards into a baby's chest.
-- It is either congenital or acquired (occurs in old age).
๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐ ๐๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ซ๐๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐?
๐ญ. ๐๐ผ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฑ๐ฎ๐น๐ฒ๐ธ ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ถ๐ฎ
-- It is a developmental defect in the posterolateral diaphragm in the foramen of Bochdalek in the lumbocostal trigone of Bochdalek.
๐ฎ. ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ด๐ฎ๐ด๐ป๐ถ'๐ ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ถ๐ฎ
-- It is a developmental defect in the anterior aspect of the diaphragm between the costal and the sternal portions.
๐ฏ. ๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐๐๐ ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ถ๐ฎ
-- It occurs in the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.
๐๐๐: ๐ช๐ฆพ
1. Which of the following structures passes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm?
A. Right and left phrenic nerves with the esophagus
B. Right and left vagus nerves with the esophagus
C. Aorta and thoracic duct
D. Inferior vena cava and lymphatics
2. Which of the following is the level of the IVC opening of the diaphragm?
A. T. 10
B. T. 8
C. T. 12
D. L. 1
3. The aortic opening of the diaphragm lies at which of the following levels?
A. T. 12
B. T. 8
C. T. 10
D. T. 6
4. Which of the following structures gives passage to the hemi-azygous vein?
A. Posterior to the medial arcuate ligament
B. Through the aortic hiatus
C. Through the left crus
D. Along the inferior vena cava
5. Which of the following structures gives passage to the left phrenic nerve?
A. Along with the hiatus of the IVC
B. Through the diaphragm anterior to the central tendon
C. Through the aortic hiatus
D. Anterior to the diaphragm, just deep to the ribs
6. Which of the following structures traverses the diaphragm?
A. The esophagus at the level of the 12th Thoracic vertebra
B. The inferior vena cava at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra
C. The aorta at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra
D. The thoracic duct at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebra
7. Which of the following nerves is the motor supply to the diaphragm?
A. Intercostal
B.Thoracodorsal
C. Sympathetic
D. Phrenic
8. A 63-year-old man comes to the emergency department with back pain, weakness, and shortness of breath. On examination, he has an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. Which of the following pairs of structures would most likely be compressed?
A. Vagus nerve and azygos vein
B. Esophagus and vagus nerve
C. Azygos vein and thoracic duct
D. Thoracic duct and vagus nerve
E. Inferior vena cava (IVC) and phrenic nerve
๐๐ ๐คฃ ๐ฆ๐ช๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ท๐ฐ ๐๐ธ๐ป ๐จ๐ธ๐พ๐ป ๐๐ท๐ผ๐๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐ ๐คฃ
๐๐ง๐ฌ๐ฐ๐๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐๐ฌ: ๐๐
๐ญ. ๐
๐ฎ. ๐
๐ฏ. ๐
๐ฐ. ๐
๐ฑ. ๐
๐ฒ. ๐
๐ณ. ๐
๐ด. ๐
๐
๐จ๐ซ ๐๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐๐๐ญ: ๐ข
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๐๐
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#diaphragm
#phrenic_nerves
#main_foramina
#hernia