How the USSR was Formed | Reasons why the Soviet Union Collapsed
Today, we’re talking about how the USSR was formed, and the reasons why the Soviet Union collapsed. In 1921, after the centuries-old Romanov monarchy had been overthrown, Russia emerged from a civil war as the newly created Soviet Union. Before its decline and eventual breakup in 1991, the first Marxist-Communist state in history would grow to be one of the largest and most powerful countries in the world, claiming roughly one-sixth of the planet's land area. There were 15 republics that made up the United Socialist Soviet Republic, or USSR: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
The 1917 Russian Revolution gave rise to the Soviet Union. Russia's Czar Nicholas II was overthrown by radical leftist revolutionaries, ending centuries of Romanov monarchy. In the former Russian Empire's territory, the Bolsheviks founded a socialist nation. A protracted and brutal civil war ensued. The White Army, which represented a sizable coalition of loosely united troops including monarchists, capitalists, and proponents of alternative versions of socialism, was defeated by the Red Army, which was supported by the Bolshevik government.
The Bolshevik secret police, known as Cheka, carried out a campaign of mass murders against supporters of the czarist regime and against Russia's upper classes during the so-called Red Terror period. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established by a 1922 treaty between Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Transcaucasia (modern Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan) (USSR). The newly formed Communist Party, headed by Vladimir Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary, seized power. 15 Soviet Socialist Republics would make up the USSR at its height.
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The Soviet Union, a sizable and seemingly unstoppable superpower embroiled in a Cold War with the West, held the title of largest nation in the world for the most of the 20th century. However, it abruptly stopped existing in 1991, ushering in a whole new geopolitical reality. However, how did such a quick fall take place? History has produced a variety of, sometimes divergent, explanations of the events that resulted in the fall of the Soviet Empire because events of this magnitude cannot be explained away in simple words. Having stated that, it is obvious that a number of causes contributed to the events of 1991.
The final time the Soviet flag was flown over the Moscow Kremlin was on December 25, 1991. Ukraine, Georgia, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan were among the Soviet republics whose representatives had already made the announcement that they would no longer be a part of the Soviet Union. They stated that they will create a Commonwealth of Independent States instead.
Only one of the USSR's fifteen republics, Kazakhstan, survived after the three Baltic republics (Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia) proclaimed their independence. Due in major part to the numerous drastic reforms that Mikhail Gorbachev carried out during his six years as president of the USSR, the once-powerful Soviet Union had collapsed. Gorbachev, however, resigned from his position on December 25 after being disillusioned by the collapse of his country. A lengthy, fearful, and occasionally murderous period in world history came to a peaceful conclusion.
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