Halina was born in Krakow in 1928 into an assimilated and educated Jewish family. A few months after Halina turned 11, the Germans marched into Krakow.
In 1940 Halina’s parents chose to live outside the ghetto, helped by Christian friends who organised false Aryan papers for the family. Halina and her mother lived separately from her father. Aged 13, Halina returned to school but lived in fear of being caught. She used to meet her father in public places and was the messenger between her parents.
After liberation, Halina and her mother were reunited with her father. They were the only ones from their large family who survived the Holocaust.
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