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References
Devereux, G. (1976). A Study of Abortion in Primitive Societies. International Universities Press. New York.
Freycinet, L. C., & de Freycinet, L. (2003). An account of the corvette L’Uranie’s sojourn at the Mariana Islands, 1819 (G. Barratt, Trans.). Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands: Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Division of Historic Preservation.
Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 4, Religious conquest, 1638-1670. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.
Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 5, Focus on the Mariana mission, 1670-1673. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.
Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 6, Revolts in the Marianas, 1673-1678. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.
Levesque, R. (1999). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 14, More turmoil in the Marianas, 1746-1773. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.
Rubinstein, D. (1992). Culture in court: notes and reflections on abortion in Guam. Journal de la Société des Océanistes, 94(1), 35-44.
Riesenberg, S. H. (1948). Magic and medicine in Ponape. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 4(4), 406-429.
Ritter, P. L. (1978) The Repopulation of Kosrae: Population and social organization on a Micronesian High Island. Stanford University (Dissertation)
Sarfert, E. (1908-1910 [1919]/2008). Results of the South Seas-Expedition 1908-1910. Kusae 1. Half-Volume
Thompson, L. (1947). Guam and its people.
Legal Citations
12 Chuuk State Code, § 2068
Palau Penal Code, Ch. 13 § 1309
Kiribati Penal Code, Ch. 67 §§ 150-152
Nauru Crimes Act 2016, § 66; 68; 69
NMI Const. Art I, §12
9 Guam Code Ann. § 31.20
Several modern island governments throughout the region of Micronesia currently has or at one point in time instituted incredibly restrictive abortion laws by international standards. However, just a century ago, in the early twentieth century, ethnographers and visitors widely documented that abortion was a widespread cultural practice in every single major island group or cultural area in Micronesia, which includes the Marianas, Palau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Marshalls, Kiribati, Nauru and Nukuoro. Guahu si Pulan and in this video we will explore traditional cultural practices of abortion in Micronesia