Why did the Latin States of the Orient collapse?
On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II called for the unity of the Christian world to liberate the East from the Seljuk Turks, who were persecuting the faithful and hindering pilgrimages to Jerusalem. This first crusade led to the emergence of Frankish states amidst Muslim powers: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem. Left to their own devices, shaken by infighting among their leaders, rivals of Byzantium, and poorly supported by further, ultimately futile crusades, they gradually crumbled over time, disappearing from the map nearly three centuries later.
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Thanks to Thomas for his research; you can see his series on Bohemond of Taranto here: / laplumeetlep%c3%a9e
Sources:
General Works
• Runciman, S. Histoire des Croisades. Tallandier, 2006.
• Maalouf, A. Les croisades vues par les Arabes. I read, 1983.
• Dédéyan, G., and Rizk, K. The County of Tripoli - A Multicultural and Multifaith State (1102-1289). Geuthner, 2010.
• Asbridge, T. The Creation of the Principality of Antioch 1098-1130. The Boydell Press, 2000.
• Besson, F., Breton, J. The Lords of the Holy Land - Practices of Power in the Latin East (1097-1230). Classiques Garnier, 2023.
Primary Source
• Régnier-Bohler, D. Crusades and Pilgrimages, Accounts, Chronicles, and Travels in the Holy Land - 12th-16th Centuries. Robert Laffont, 1997.
Biographies
• Aubé, P. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, the Leper King. Paperback, 1981.
• Eddé, A-M. Saladin. Flammarion, 2008.
• Aubé, P. A Crusader Against Saladin: Renaud de Châtillon. Fayard, 2007.
• Flori, J. Richard the Lionheart - The Knight King. Payot, 1999.
Complete bibliography: https://pastebin.com/Y8YP5z09
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Music:
Some of the music in this video was composed by @AdrianvonZiegler:
• Children of Darkness • Dark Fantasy Music - Children of Darkness
Others are more classical:
• Tchaikovsky - Slavonic March, Op. 31 • Tchaikovsky - Marche Slave, Op. 31
• Tchaikovsky - Pas de deux • Tchaikovsky - pas de deux
• Duo for Violin & Cello in B-Flat Major, BI. 244: II. Andantino • Duo for Violin & Cello in B-Flat Major, BI...
• Evelyn Stein - Quiet Resource • Quiet Resource
• Alexander Nevsky, Op. 78: V. The Battle on the Ice • Alexander Nevsky, Op. 78: V. The Battle on...
• Vivaldi - Sol da te mio, dolce amore • Vivaldi - Sol da te mio, dolce amore - Gui...
• Rachmaninoff - The Isle of the Dead, Op. 29 • Rachmaninoff - The Isle of the Dead, Op.29...
And others come from this playlist:
• • POV: You're Playing Chess With Death and H...
With the voice of Mathias (https://fr.fiverr.com/s/VY0Yp9Z)
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Illustrations
The illustrations are from the collections of these museums:
• Palace of Versailles (online: https://collections.chateauversailles.fr)
• British Museum (online: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection)
• Chester Beatty (online: https://viewer.cbl.ie/viewer/index/)
• Rijksmuseum (online: https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksst...)
• Art Institute of Chicago (online: https://www.artic.edu/collection)
Other images are from these sources:
• Wikimedia Commons (online: https://commons.wikimedia.org/)
• MidJourney (online: https://www.midjourney.com/)
Animated paintings by Alexander (https://fr.fiverr.com/s/6Y4YRrB)
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00:00 - Introduction
02:25 - The First Crusade
06:41 - The County of Edessa
10:39 - The Principality of Antioch
16:02 - The County of Tripoli
18:31 - The Kingdom of Jerusalem
26:56 - The End of the Latin States of the East?