Кто такая «Мадам Пенициллин» или как появился Первый советский Антибиотик
Everyone knows that the British microbiologist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from the school curriculum. But almost no one knows that it was only 10 years later that the mass production of penicillin was launched in the United States, while at the same time the Soviet Union began to produce an analogue of penicillin - crustosin. Krustozin was developed by microbiologist Zinaida Ermolyeva with colleagues from the Institute of Experimental Medicine. Meanwhile, as often happens in history, the creator of the Soviet antibiotic turned out to be undeservedly forgotten.
Chapters:
0:00 How antibiotics appeared
0:34 Zinaida Ermolyeva
1:30 Krustozin
2:25 The effect of antibiotics
2:59 "Madame Penicillin"
4:11 Memory in culture
Zinaida Ermolyeva discovered the cholera-like vibrio that bears her name. Later she worked on a method for diagnosing cholera and ways to prevent the disease. It was she who came up with the idea of chlorination of drinking water as a disinfection, which is still used today. Her experience came in handy during the fight against the outbreak of cholera in Afghanistan in 1939 and during the Great Patriotic War, in Stalingrad.
To combat cholera, Yermolyeva organized universal vaccination in Stalingrad, supplied the population and soldiers with the cholera bacteriophage, which she developed, a virus that destroys cholera bacteria.
Zinaida Ermolyeva, upon her return to Moscow, began to develop a new antibiotic. According to the memoirs of Tamara Balezina, an employee of the laboratory, the fungus necessary for production was sought wherever it could appear: in the grass, on the ground, even on the walls of bomb shelters. Ermolyeva managed to obtain her penicillin from a strain of the fungus Penicillium crustosum. And already in 1943, the production of the first domestic antibiotic called crustosin was launched in the USSR.
According to the Izvestia newspaper, in 1944, Howard Flory, one of the creators of the original penicillin, arrived in the USSR and brought with him a strain of their preparation. Having learned about the successful application of the domestic development, the scientist suggested comparing it with its American counterpart. As a result of the experiment, the Soviet medicine was 1.4 times more effective. After that, the amazed Flory respectfully called Ermoliev "Madame Penicillin". But there were still disadvantages: the antibiotic crustazin lost its properties during storage and caused an increase in temperature in patients.
Zinaida Ermolyeva became the prototype for the main character of Svetova - the play by Alexander Lipovsky "On the Threshold of Mystery". And the prototype of the main character of the novel by Veniamin Kaverin "Open Book" - Tatiana Vlasenkova. And later his film adaptation
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This video is made on the basis of fair use for educational purposes. But if we used an excerpt from your video or photo in the video, but you would not like this, please contact us at [email protected]
Who is "Madame Penicillin" or how did the First Soviet Antibiotic appear?
#crustosin
#Ermolyeva
#antibiotic