Overview of the Circulatory System | The Circulatory System | Unit 7. Animal Structure and Function
Chapter: Overview of the Circulatory System
Collection: The Circulatory System
Unit 7. Animal Structure and Function
Book: Biology
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In most animals, the circulatory system is used to transport blood through the body. Some primitive animals use diffusion for the exchange of water, nutrients, and gases. However, complex organisms use the circulatory system to carry gases, nutrients, and waste through the body. Circulatory systems may be open (mixed with the interstitial fluid) or closed (separated from the interstitial fluid). Closed circulatory systems are a characteristic of vertebrates; however, there are significant differences in the structure of the heart and the circulation of blood between the different vertebrate groups due to adaptions during evolution and associated differences in anatomy. Fish have a two-chambered heart with unidirectional circulation. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart, which has some mixing of the blood, and they have double circulation. Most non-avian reptiles have a three-chambered heart, but have little mixing of the blood; they have double circulation. Mammals and birds have a four-chambered heart with no mixing of the blood and double circulation.
00:00 Overview of the Circulatory System
00:32 Circulatory system architecture
02:42 Circulatory system variation in animals
09:33 Section summary
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