(332) Colours of the sky
The colours of the sky are caused by a complex interplay between our sun and our planet’s atmosphere. The blue colour of the sky isn’t constant. The blue is deeper higher in the sky, and it usually fades to white towards the horizon.
In comparison to the blue sky, clouds look white because they consist of much larger particles of water moisture. These scatter all wavelengths of light equally. When rain clouds contain particularly large droplets, light from the sun has a harder time reaching the bottom of the cloud, which is why clouds often look grey just before it rains.
Rainbows are also created by refraction when the sun hits raindrops. They appear when the sun is low in the sky behind us, and there is rain in front. White light from the sun is both reflected and refracted by the spherical raindrops, in place of the prism of Newton’s experiments, to create the circular rainbow we see.
As the sun rises and sets, it can creates dazzling scenes of pink, red and orange in the sky. The red and orange light can catch the clouds to create some of nature’s most spectacular scenes.
During the day when the sun is overhead, its light travels directly through the atmosphere to reach us. At sunrise and sunset, the sun is close to the horizon. The distance its light has to travel through the atmosphere is much further than during the daytime. During this journey through the atmosphere, almost all of the blue light is scattered away leaving only the longer wavelengths of red and orange light to reach our eyes.
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