Apraxia & Autism (& Non-speakers!)
While we have discussed dyspraxia, we haven't gone into specifically apraxia, the difference between those two, and why understanding different types of apraxia is so important for understanding why non-speakers may seem to not understand when they actually do. Anyone working with autistic people should be at least somewhat familiar with apraxia.
References:
Apraxia a Common Occurrence in Autism, Study Finds (world). (2018, 42-12 03:42:51). [Research-article]. The ASHA Leader; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.RIB1.2...
Cubo, E., & Goetz, C. G. (2014). Apraxia. In Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (pp. 248–249). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385...
Jo, S., Oh, J. S., Cheong, E.-N., Kim, H. J., Lee, S., Oh, M., Kim, J. S., Chung, S. J., Lee, C. S., Kwon, M., Kang, D., & Lee, J.-H. (2021). FDG-PET patterns associated with ideomotor apraxia and imitation apraxia in patients with corticobasal syndrome. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 88, 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis....
Joswig, H., Surbeck, W., Scholtes, F., Bratelj, D., & Hildebrandt, G. (2021). The debate on apraxia and the supplementary motor area in the twentieth century. Acta Neurochirurgica, 163(5), 1247–1255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04...
MacDonald, M., Ross, S., McIntyre, L. L., & Tepfer, A. (2017). Relations of Early Motor Skills on Age and Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living in Young Children With Developmental Disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 34(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2015-0091
Parakh, R., Roy, E., Koo, E., & Black, S. (2004). Pantomime and imitation of limb gestures in relation to the severity of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Cognition, 55(2), 272–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2004....
Parker, H. (2021, June 7). Apraxia: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatments. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/brain/apraxia-s...
Philadelphia, T. C. H. of. (2014, April 8). Childhood Apraxia of Speech Causes, Symptoms and Treatment [Text]. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. https://www.chop.edu/conditions-disea...
Poole, J. L., Gallagher, J., & Qualls, C. (1997). The Mechanisms for Adult-Onset Apraxia and Developmental Dyspraxia: An. 51(5), 8.
Stoll, H., de Wit, M. M., Middleton, E. L., & Buxbaum, L. J. (2021). Treating limb apraxia via action semantics: A preliminary study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 31(7), 1145–1162. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2020...
Wu, A. J., Radel, J., & Hanna-Pladdy, B. (2011). Improved Function After Combined Physical and Mental Practice After Stroke: A Case of Hemiparesis and Apraxia. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(2), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2011.000786
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