A History of Labor Laws 🏛️📻🕰️
History of Labor Laws 🏛️📻🕰️
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Video telling a bit of the history of Labor Laws!
Correction: The encyclical was initiated by Pope Leo XIII.
Contribution by Vitor Fernandes
Where it all began...
Antiquity: almost all work was done manually.
• 2200 BC - Ancient Babylon "Code of Hammurabi": punishment for supervisors for injuries suffered by workers...
• Hippocrates (4th century BC): mentioned the existence of illnesses among miners and metalworkers.
• Pliny the Elder (before the Christian era): described various lung diseases among miners and poisoning resulting from handling sulfur and zinc compounds.
• Galen (2nd century): made references to occupational diseases among workers on the Mediterranean islands.
• Georgius Agricola and Paracelsus investigated occupational diseases in the 15th and 16th centuries.
• Georgius Agricola published the book "De Re Metallica" in 1556, where he discusses workplace accidents and the most common diseases among miners.
Timeline
Post-1656
The right to worker's health has been evolving since the first notes on occupational diseases and their relationship to the environment in ancient Rome, and it hasn't stopped since.
1600
George Bauer published a book on workplace accidents and the most common diseases among silica miners in 1656.
In 1667, the first monograph on the relationship between work and disease was published by Aureolus Theophrastus.
1700
In 1700 in Italy, Bernardino Ramazzini wrote a book listing fifty different professions and their related diseases, titled "What is your occupation?".
18th Century – Industrial Revolution – England – The number of workplace accidents grew alarmingly, with frequent deaths of children caused by machinery.
1800
In 1802, England passed the first law protecting workers, the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act, which established a twelve-hour workday limit, prohibited night work, required employers to clean factories, and made ventilation mandatory.
In 1831, a commission was established to analyze the situation of workers.
And in 1833, the first effective legislation for worker protection emerged, the "Factory Act," also in England.
In 1884, in Germany, the first workplace accident laws emerged, spreading to other countries.
In 1891, Pope Leo IX presented the Catholic encyclical Rerum Novarum, which included in its text the obligations of employers and employees, emphasizing respect and dignity for the working class, both spiritually and physically.
The first Constitution to address Labor Law was that of Mexico, in 1917.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the boundaries of labor law would be marked by the creation of the ILO, the International Labour Organization.
Occupational Safety in Brazil.
A significant milestone was the Golden Law, which abolished slavery in the country in 1888.
The first labor law in Brazil dates from 1891, regulating the work of minors aged 12 to 18.
In 1912, the Brazilian Confederation of Labor (CBT) was founded during the 4th Brazilian Workers' Congress.
Brazilian labor policy took shape after the Revolution of 1930, when Getúlio Vargas created the Ministry of Labor, Industry and Commerce. The 1934 Constitution was the first to address Labor Law in Brazil, guaranteeing freedom of association, minimum wage, eight-hour workday, weekly rest, paid annual leave, protection of women's and children's labor, and equal pay.
The term "Labor Justice" also first appeared in the 1934 Constitution and was maintained in the 1937 Charter, but was only effectively established in 1941.
The need to consolidate labor laws into a single code paved the way for the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), created in 1943.
In 1966, during the National Congress on Accident Prevention, held in São Paulo, the creation of FUNDACENTRO was formalized, and in 1974 it was linked to the Ministry of Labor.
As we have seen, the history of the legalization of accident prevention measures in Brazil is extensive. Several prevention laws were developed aiming at improving workers' conditions, but the main one is Ordinance No. 3,214 of June 8, 1978, which approves the Regulatory Standards – NR – of Chapter V, Title II, of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, relating to Occupational Safety and Health.
Regulatory standards are being approved or readjusted to meet new technologies and labor relations.