Ramjet engine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet
00:02:14 1 History
00:02:23 1.1 Cyrano de Bergerac
00:02:58 1.2 René Lorin
00:03:20 1.3 Albert Fonó
00:04:31 1.4 Soviet Union
00:07:10 1.5 Germany
00:08:14 1.6 United States
00:08:23 1.6.1 Gorgon IV
00:09:12 1.6.2 Fritz Zwicky
00:10:10 1.7 France
00:10:46 2 Engine cycle
00:11:20 3 Design
00:12:42 4 Construction
00:12:51 4.1 Diffuser
00:14:07 4.2 Combustor
00:15:40 4.3 Nozzles
00:16:12 4.4 Performance and control
00:17:43 5 Control
00:20:45 6 Integral rocket ramjet/ducted rocket
00:22:30 7 Flight speed
00:24:03 8 Related engines
00:24:12 8.1 Air turboramjet
00:24:32 8.2 Supersonic-combustion ramjets (scramjets)
00:25:44 8.3 Precooled engines
00:27:13 8.4 Nuclear-powered ramjet
00:28:03 8.5 Ionospheric ramjet
00:28:33 8.6 Bussard ramjet
00:28:52 9 Aircraft using ramjets
00:29:02 10 Missiles using ramjets
00:29:12 11 See also
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SUMMARY
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A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a flying stovepipe or an athodyd (aero thermodynamic duct), is a form of airbreathing jet engine that uses the engine's forward motion to compress incoming air without an axial compressor or a centrifugal compressor. Because ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed, they cannot move an aircraft from a standstill. A ramjet-powered vehicle, therefore, requires an assisted take-off like a rocket assist to accelerate it to a speed where it begins to produce thrust. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,300 mph; 3,700 km/h). This type of engine can operate up to speeds of Mach 6 (4,600 mph; 7,400 km/h).
Ramjets can be particularly useful in applications requiring a small and simple mechanism for high-speed use, such as missiles. Weapon designers are looking to use ramjet technology in artillery shells to give added range; a 120 mm mortar shell, if assisted by a ramjet, is thought to be able to attain a range of 35 km (22 mi). They have also been used successfully, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the end of helicopter rotors.Ramjets differ from pulsejets, which use an intermittent combustion; ramjets employ a continuous combustion process.
As speed increases, the efficiency of a ramjet starts to drop as the air temperature in the inlet increases due to compression. As the inlet temperature gets closer to the exhaust temperature, less energy can be extracted in the form of thrust. To produce a usable amount of thrust at yet higher speeds, the ramjet must be modified so that the incoming air is not compressed (and therefore heated) nearly as much. This means that the air flowing through the combustion chamber is still moving very fast (relative to the engine), in fact it will be supersonic—hence the name supersonic-combustion ramjet, or scramjet.