Holodomor | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor
00:02:09 1 Etymology
00:04:34 2 History
00:04:42 2.1 Scope and duration
00:09:16 2.2 Causes
00:12:12 2.3 Death toll
00:23:54 3 Genocide question
00:31:46 4 Soviet and Western denial
00:32:37 5 In modern politics
00:37:20 5.1 Statements by governments and intergovernmental organizations
00:37:31 5.1.1 European Union
00:38:23 5.1.2 Ukraine
00:39:43 5.1.3 Other
00:40:14 6 Remembrance
00:40:31 6.1 Ukraine
00:43:01 6.2 Canada
00:46:12 6.3 United States
00:50:08 6.4 Poland
00:50:20 6.5 Holodomor memorials
00:50:29 7 Cinema
00:51:15 8 Literature
00:51:35 9 See also
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SUMMARY
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The Holodomor (Ukrainian: Голодомо́р; derived from морити голодом, "to kill by starvation") was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine in 1932 and 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. It is also known as the Terror-Famine and Famine-Genocide in Ukraine, and sometimes referred to as the Great Famine or the Ukrainian Genocide of 1932–33. It was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–33, which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country. During the Holodomor, millions of inhabitants of Ukraine, the majority of whom were ethnic Ukrainians, died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine. Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by Ukraine and 15 other countries as a genocide of the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet government.Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials varied greatly. According to higher estimates, up to 12 million ethnic Ukrainians were said to have perished as a result of the famine. A U.N. joint statement signed by 25 countries in 2003 declared that 7–10 million perished. Research has since narrowed the estimates to between 3.3 and 7.5 million. According to the findings of the Court of Appeal of Kiev in 2010, the demographic losses due to the famine amounted to 10 million, with 3.9 million direct famine deaths, and a further 6.1 million birth deficits.Some scholars believe that the famine was planned by Joseph Stalin to eliminate a Ukrainian independence movement. Using Holodomor in reference to the famine emphasises its man-made aspects, arguing that actions such as rejection of outside aid, confiscation of all household foodstuffs, and restriction of population movement confer intent, defining the famine as genocide; the loss of life has been compared to that of the Holocaust. The causes are still a subject of academic debate, and some historians dispute its characterization as a genocide.