Heliknotons in liquid crystals
Supplementary videos from the paper "Three-dimensional crystals of adaptive knots," authored by Jung-Shen B. Tai, Ivan I. Smalyukh, published in Science (27 Sep 2019) Vol. 365, Issue 6460, pp. 1449-1453, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay1638
Movie S1. Brownian motion of individual heliknotons in LC-1 (left) and LC-2 (right), respectively, observed in a microscope between crossed polarizers.
Movie S3. Self-assembly of a 2D heliknoton crystal: the self-assembly process of a 2D rhombic crystal of heliknotons. The video was obtained for LC-2; U = 3.5 V; p = 5 µm.
Movie S4. Electric reconfiguration of a heliknoton crystallite from synclinic to anticlinic tilting: a 2D heliknoton crystal switched from unidirectional alignment of heliknotons at U = 1.8 V to the anticlinic tilting state by increasing the applied voltage to U = 2.4 V and then
lowering it again to U = 2.3 V; p = 5 µm. The video was obtained for LC-1.
Movie S5. 3D interaction and self-assembly of heliknoton crystallites: the process of 3D self-assembly of heliknoton crystallites with parallel relative orientations, guided by laser tweezers.
Movie S6. 3D crystallites of heliknotons: The video shows a 3D structure of heliknotons assembled from two 2D crystallites having
perpendicular relative orientations.
Movie S7. Electrostriction of a heliknoton crystal: a crystal of heliknotons undergoing electrostriction when U is increased from
1.8 V to 2.3 V. The video was obtained for LC-1; orientations of crossed polarizers and 𝝌𝝌0 are marked on the video frames. p = 5 µm.
Movie S8. Electrostriction of a large heliknoton crystal: a large crystal of heliknotons undergoing electrostriction when U is increased slowly from 1.6 V to 2.1 V. The video was obtained for LC-1; orientations of crossed polarizers and 𝝌𝝌0 are marked on the video frames. p = 5 µm.