This is the completely unedited footage I recorded*. The fun stuff starts at 01:25.
I do not know what caused this. I cannot imagine that my graphics card overheated. I am also convinced that this is not a very rare memory corruption (or something similar) caused by a bug in Battlefield 3. I think the most likely case is a problem - but not overheating - with my graphics card (that card has had a few strange problems already). After that round I restarted the computer and everything worked fine again (Windows 7 Aero Theme was working perfectly before the restart).
ok, not completely unedited, I converted it to a smaller size (no actually noticeable visual difference to the original) before uploading it