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Illustration of the interrelationships of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
The light-dependent reactions split water, and produce ATP and NADPH.
Oxygen is a by-product of these reactions.
ATP and NADPH, together with carbon dioxide, are reactants in the light-independent reactions.
The products are sugars, NADP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate.
The light-dependent and light-independent reactions thus form a cycle in which the net inputs are water and carbon dioxide, and the net outputs are oxygen and carbohydrates.