Digestion and absorption of proteins: biochemistry
Digestion and absorption of proteins. Digestion of proteins involves the gradual breakdown of the polypeptide by enzymatic hydrolysis. The entry of a protein into the stomach stimulates the gastric mucosal cells to secrete a hormone called gastrin which in turn stimulates the secretion of HCl by the parietal cells of the gastric glands and pepsinogen by the chief cells. In the stomach, pepsin begins the digestion of proteins by hydrolyzing them to smaller polypeptides. The product of the digestion from the stomach passes into the small intestine and it is called chyme which is acidic in nature. Acidic chyme stimulates duodenal mucosal cells to release 2 local hormones called secretin and cholecystokinin. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate, which in the small intestine neutralizes the gastric HCl and abruptly changes the pH to 7. Cholecystokinin stimulates The pancreatic to release proteases: trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and the carboxypeptidases which cleave the polypeptides into oligopeptides and amino acids. Further cleavage of the oligopeptides to amino acids is by enzymes produced from the intestinal mucosal cells. Finally, the amino acids produced by protein digestion are absorbed through the specific transporters of intestinal epithelial cells and enter the blood.
⏱️TIMESTAMPS⏱️
00:00 Introduction
02:14 Digestion of protein in mouth
02:25 Digestion of protein in the stomach
02:32 Gastrin
02:45 Gastric juice contains HCl, pepsinogen, alkaline mucous and Rennin in infants
03:36 Role of hydrochloric acid in protein digestion, parietal cells
04:25 Pepsinogen, chief cells, the role of pepsin in protein digestion, activation of pepsinogen
06:24 Role of alkaline mucosa
06:55 Role of rennin in protein digestion in infants
08:13 Digestion of proteins in the small intestine
08:17 Acidic chyme, secretin, cholecystokinin or CCK
08:32 Role of secretin
08:47 Functions of cholecystokinin
08:56 Proteolytic enzymes released from pancreas: Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Proelastase, Procarboxypeptidase
10:05 Activation of pancreatic enzymes in the small intestine, by enterokinase and trypsin, autocatalysis
14:35 Digestion of proteins by intestinal enzymes, succus entericus
15:10 Aminopeptidase
15:49 Dipeptidase
16:25 Absorption of amino acids
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