This video talks through two different approaches to extracting profile data from raster layers, such as elevation models, within ArcGIS Pro. It looks at both simple scenarios for extracting a single profile, as well as more complex cases with multiple profiles and raster layers.
First it gives an overview of the built-in Profile Graph tool which is great for quick exploratory analysis, but does have some issues and limitations. Secondly it looks at a slightly more complex workflow which gives you more control and flexibility over the data you're extracting as well as producing an output which is better suited to further analysis, whether with Excel, R or any other data analysis tool you prefer.