Protein catabolism - deamination
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• Digestion hydrolyzes proteins into amino acids, which are transported to the bloodstream.
• Amino acids and proteins are not stored.
• Instead, they are:
• Oxidized to generate ATP.
• Used to synthesize new proteins.
• Converted to carbohydrates or lipids for storage (if excessive amounts accumulate).
• Amino acids undergo a conversion before they are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and generate ATP.
• Before amino acids can be oxidized, they must be deaminated in the liver cells.
• Oxidative deamination:
• Removes amino group (NH2).
• Forms highly toxic ammonium ions (NH4).
• Ammonium ions are then combined with carbon dioxide into less toxic urea molecules.