Chemical Buffers - protein buffer, phosphate buffer system and bicarbonate buffer system
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• There are a variety of chemicals in body fluids that prevent the fluids from undergoing large changes in.
• These chemicals buffer or regulate fluctuations in H+ concentration.
• Chemical buffers:
• Bind to H+ ions when there are too many in a solution so pH remains normal.
• Release H+ ions when there are too few in a solution so pH remains normal.
• The chemical buffer systems include:
• Protein system.
• Phosphate system.
• Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system.
The protein buffer system is important in regulating blood plasma and intracellular fluid pH.
• If plasma or extracellular fluid pH drops due to excessive H+ ions, then H+ ions bind to amine groups and pH rises.
• If plasma or extracellular fluid pH rises due to a shortage of H+ ions, then acid groups dissociate and pH drops.
The phosphate system is most important in regulating intracellular fluid pH.
• If intracellular fluid pH drops due to excessive H+ ions, then dihydrogen phosphate is formed and intracellular fluid pH rises.
• If intracellular fluid pH rises due to a shortage of H+ ions, then monohydrogen phosphate ions are formed and intracellular fluid pH.
The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system is most important in regulating blood plasma pH.
• If plasma pH drops due to excessive H+ ions, then carbonic acid is formed and plasma pH rises.
• If plasma pH rises due to a shortage of H+ ions, then bicarbonate ions are formed and plasma pH drops.