Basic Frequency Modulation Synthesis Examples
1) from vibrato to complex tone—a 325 Hz sine wave (carrier) starts with a vibrato of 5 Hz (modulator), as the vibrato increases, a complex tone develops until it arrives at a harmonic spectrum with a fundamental of 65 Hz; 2) same as before but focused on the ending where the harmonic spectrum develops; 3) a 325 Hz carrier and 65 Hz modulator starts with no modulation amount (0 index of modulation) and increases with each note until a harmonic spectrum with a 65 Hz fundamental is heard. Here the spectrum is always harmonic, but the sidebands grow as the index of modulation increases.