Water is the greatest natural gift to the mankind | Irrigation |
Water is the greatest natural gift to the mankind. | Irrigation |
All the human beings and plant life thrive on the earth only because of water. All the early civilisations flourished along great rivers, because man had realised in the very beginning that water is essential for life. Today, out of total water consumed for human needs in the world, about 80 per cent is used for raising the crops. The use of water for raising the crops is known as irrigation. Irrigation has assumed prominence throughout the world as it is the only way by which food production may be augmented for the ever increasing population of the world. Crops are raised by rains also in most parts of the world, but uncertainty of rains, and amount of rains are uncontrollable features. There may not be any rains or there may be insufficient rain when it is most required by the crop. This aspect affects the yield of the crop. Hence the only way of supplying required amount of water to the crop, when it is most required, is by way of irrigation. The sources of water may be divided under two heads—namely—surfacesources and ground sources. Streams, lakes etc., are the surface sources whereas wells, infiltration gallories, and springs are examples of ground sources. Harnessing these sources and delivering water to the fields for raising crops is known as irrigation and is the subject matter of this book. At present it is estimated that only about 15% of the agriculturable land of the world is receiving assured irrigation facilities whereas present sources of water are enough to provide irrigation to about 50% of the irrigable area of the world.
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