Enthalpy with a Furnace Part Two: Copper
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Enthalpy With a Furnace
Part Two: Copper
What is the difference between Heat and Temperature?
Heat is a description of energy in motion between multiple systems. For example, the heat of the furnace transferring into the metal in the crucible, or our chemically active bodies transferring heat into the cold environment around us.
“Matter is made up of atoms and molecules, and energy causes the atoms and molecules to always be in motion - either bumping into each other or vibrating back and forth. The motion of atoms and molecules creates a form of energy called heat or thermal energy which is present in all matter. Even in the coldest voids of space, matter still has a very small but still measurable amount of heat energy.
Energy can take on many forms and can change from one form to another. Many different types of energy can be converted into heat energy. Light, electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, sound and thermal energy itself can each cause a substance to heat up by increasing the speed of its molecules. So, put energy into a system and it heats up, take energy away and it cools”
The Physics of Heat: Crash Course Physics #22 - • The Physics of Heat: Crash Course Physics #22
Temperature is a description of the total heat in a single system.
“Temperature is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a substance. Since it is an average measurement, it does not depend on the number of particles in an object. In that sense it does not depend on the size of it. For example, the temperature of a small cup of boiling water is the same as the temperature of a large pot of boiling water. Even if the large pot is much bigger than the cup and has millions and millions more water molecule.”
• Temperature: Crash Course Physics #20 - Temperature: Crash Course Physics #20
The relationship between heat and temperature is formally known as the study of Thermodynamics. The term thermodynamics can be dissected to understand more clearly. Thermo from the greek for heat and dynamics which is defined as active or in motion. So thermodynamics is the study of “heat in motion”.
• Thermodynamics: Crash Course Physics #23 - Crash Course
Thus in part two of enthalpy with a furnace, we will be seeking to transfer heat into the system of scrap metal piled in the crucible in order to raise the metal’s temperature to its melting point, which for copper is roughly 1084 C.
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as bronze.
Questions: Add responses in discussion thread for this lesson.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Why is the Aluminum Bronze so brittle?
How could we increase the temperature of the furnace so we can melt copper without adding aluminum? Recall that we could not reach copper’s melting point prior to adding the aluminum ingot.
Key Vocabulary
Heat - energy in motion between systems
Temperature - measure of the total average energy in a single system
Thermodynamics - the study of energy in motion