Osmosis | Osmotic pressure | water potential | class 11
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This lecture is about
Osmosis
Semipermeable Membrane
An impervious sheet perforated with tiny pores
Allows solvent molecules (e.g., water) to pass through by diffusion
Prevents larger solute molecules (e.g., sugar, salt) from passing
Examples: egg membrane, parchment paper, cellophane
Definition
The process by which molecules pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Examples of Osmosis
Feeling thirsty after having salty food
Dialysis of kidney
Swelling of resins and seeds when they are soaked in water
Osmotic Pressure and Water Potential
**Osmotic Pressure**: Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure needed to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane into a solution.
**Example**: If you have a solution of saltwater and a container of pure water separated by a semipermeable membrane, osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop water from moving from the pure water side to the saltwater side.
**Water Potential**: Water potential measures the tendency of water to move from one place to another, typically due to differences in solute concentration and pressure.
**Example**: Consider two containers of water, one with pure water and the other with salty water. The pure water has a higher water potential (tendency to move), while the salty water has a lower water potential. Water will naturally move from the container with pure water to the one with salty water through a semipermeable membrane.
When these two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, water moves from the area of higher water potential (pure water) to lower water potential (salty water) until equilibrium is reached.