Vacuole | Vacuole structure and function | class 11
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NOTES
Vacuoles
Origin of Vacuoles
Large vesicles originating from the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and plasma membrane.
Functions of Vacuoles in Animal Cells
Food vacuoles are formed by phagocytosis.
Contractile vacuoles in freshwater protists pump excess water out of the cell, maintaining ion and molecule concentration.
Functions of Vacuoles in Plant Cells
*Young Plant Cells*:
Many small vacuoles hold reserves of important organic compounds.
Help protect against herbivores by storing poisonous or unpleasant compounds.
*Mature Plant Cells*:
Large central vacuole develops from the fusion of smaller vacuoles.
Cell sap in the central vacuole is the main reservoir of inorganic ions like potassium and chloride.
Plays a role in mechanical support by maintaining turgor pressure.
Acts as a storehouse for the cell.
Tonoplast
The membrane that separates the vacuole from the cytoplasm
IMPORTANT SHORT QUESTIONS
From which cellular structures do vacuoles originate?
What is the function of food vacuoles in animal cells?
What role do contractile vacuoles play in freshwater protists?
How do vacuoles in young plant cells protect against herbivores?
What is the main function of the large central vacuole in mature plant cells?
What is stored in the cell sap of the central vacuole?
How do vacuoles contribute to mechanical support in plant cells?
What is the tonoplast, and what does it separate?
IMPORTANT MCQs
From which cellular structures do vacuoles primarily originate?
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and plasma membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B) Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and plasma membrane
What is the main function of food vacuoles in animal cells?
A) Storage of nutrients
B) Pumping excess water out of the cell
C) Digestion of engulfed food particles
D) Production of energy
Answer: C) Digestion of engulfed food particles
Which type of vacuole helps freshwater protists maintain ion and molecule concentration?
A) Food vacuole
B) Central vacuole
C) Contractile vacuole
D) Storage vacuole
Answer: C) Contractile vacuole
In young plant cells, what is one function of vacuoles?
A) Transport of nutrients
B) Production of energy
C) Storage of poisonous compounds to protect against herbivores
D) Synthesis of proteins
Answer: C) Storage of poisonous compounds to protect against herbivores
What is the main content of the cell sap in the central vacuole of mature plant cells?
A) Proteins
B) Inorganic ions like potassium and chloride
C) Lipids
D) Enzymes
Answer: B) Inorganic ions like potassium and chloride
How do vacuoles contribute to mechanical support in plant cells?
A) By producing energy
B) By maintaining turgor pressure
C) By synthesizing proteins
D) By storing water
Answer: B) By maintaining turgor pressure
What is the tonoplast?
A) The outer membrane of the nucleus
B) The membrane that surrounds the vacuole
C) The membrane that surrounds the mitochondria
D) The membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the cell wall
Answer: B) The membrane that surrounds the vacuole
Which vacuole function is primarily associated with mature plant cells?
A) Digesting food particles
B) Storing reserves of organic compounds
C) Storing inorganic ions and maintaining turgor pressure
D) Pumping excess water out of the cell
Answer: C) Storing inorganic ions and maintaining turgor pressure