Active transport | Primary and Secondary active transport | class 11
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This lecture is about
Active Transport
Definition
Movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a gradient using external energy
Primary Active Transport
Uses energy from ATP
Example: Sodium-potassium pumps move sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into cells
A significant amount of ATP is used for this process
Secondary Active Transport
Uses electrochemical energy
Occurs across a biological membrane
Transporter proteins move ions (like Na or H) down their gradient, coupled with the movement of another molecule against its gradient
Active Transport in Plants
Happens in root cells to absorb water and minerals
Causes accumulation of molecules and ions on one side of the membrane
Carried out by membrane proteins, moving substances from lower to higher concentration
Examples of Active Transport
Phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages
Movement of calcium ions out of cardiac muscle cells
Transport of amino acids across the intestinal lining in the human gut
Secretion of proteins like enzymes, peptide hormones, and antibodies from cells
White Blood Cells protecting the body by attacking microbes and foreign invaders