What is a caldera? | Difference between crater and caldera
What is a caldera?
A caldera is a large oval or circle-shaped basin formed when a volcano erupts and collapses.
There are 3 types of calderas:
1. Crater-Lake Calderas
2. Shield Volcano Calderas
3. Resurgent Calderas
1. Crater-Lake Calderas:
Calderas can form a lake when the depression fills with water from rain and snow. This forms a crater-lake caldera.
2. Shield Volcano Calderas are formed from slower eruptions of shield volcanoes.
what is a shield volcano?
A volcano is shaped like a bowl and has sloping sides which are made from layers of hardened lava. Over time, calderas are formed from shield volcanoes when a series of depressions are created.
3. Resurgent Calderas
The result from massive eruptions which cause pyroclastic flows. Over time, this results in a collapse causing a caldera.
Example of a Caldera: The Yellowstone Caldera, located in Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. is the result of a supervolcano.
Difference between a crater and a caldera:
A caldera is formed when a volcano collapses inwards, whereas a crater is formed when there is an outward explosion.
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