Pulawy - Poland's Athens. What Kraków owes to Pulawy.
Pulawy is a town of 50,000 inhabitants in the western part of Lubelskie Voivodeship, eastern Poland. The largest city on the Vistula River between Kraków and Warsaw. Industrial, scientific, tourist and cultural centre, it is a part of the Puławy - Kazimierz Dolny - Nałęczów tourist triangle. The first museum in Poland was established in Pulawy, at the same time it is the oldest museum in Central Europe. If it were not for Pulawy, there would be no Krakow. Why? You will find out in this video.
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The name of the town is related to a legend. Zavisha Charny, tired from the road, stopped in the village to rest. When he sat down on a bench, the bench split in two under his weight. Then the knight shouted: - Let there be half a lava (bench)!
Thanks to the activities of Adam Kazimierz and Isabela Czartoryski, Pulawy became an important cultural centre at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The town was also called "Polish Athens".
The turbulent history of Pulawy is full of vegetation from the 17th century - eight kilometres of greenery stretch from the railway line to the Palace.
Marinka Palace is a late 18th century palace in the classical style, a park complex in Czartoryski Palace in Pulawy. It was built according to the design of Petr Eigner in 1791-1796 for Maria, the daughter of Princess Izabella Czartoryska. However, Mary herself rarely lived here - the palace was more often used for the family's guests. The palace is situated in the southern part of the palace and park complex behind the 'Wild Embankment'.
And here's the entrance to the park. By the way, entrance to the park is free. The palace is surrounded by a landscaped park with an area of 30 hectares. It was originally founded by the Lubomirski family as an ordinary park. In 1731-1736 it adopted the French style. In 1798-1806 Duchess Isabella transformed it into a romantic garden in the English style, placing a number of garden buildings and sculptures. The park remains in this form to this day. Nowadays the entire area of the palace and park complex is called the Residence of the Czartoryski Princes.
The most interesting structure in the park is the Temple of Sibylline (former Temple of Memory), which was built in 1798-1801 on the model of the ancient Temple of Vesta in Tivoli near Rome. In 1801 Izabela Czartoryska established the first museum in Poland in order to activate patriotism in the occupied country. She was an excellent collector, obsessed with her passion.
Her collection also included valuable works of art. The most important and famous was Leonardo da Vinci's painting The Lady with the Ermine. Initially this painting hung in the museum building in Pulawy. Unfortunately, the fate of the Pulawy collection is closely linked with Poland's troubled history. After the November Uprising the entire collection had to leave Pulawy with the Czartoryski family and emigrate to Paris. From France the collection never returned to Pulawy.
Izabella's grandson returned the painting and collection to Kraków and established the Museum of Princes Czartoryski, which still exists today.
Next to the Sibylline church is the Gothic house built between 1800-1809, also designed by Eigner and opened on the occasion of Józef Poniatowski's stay in Pulawy.
Most impressive is Czartoryski Palace, originally built by the Lubomirski family in baroque style in 1676-1679. Burnt by the Swedes in 1706, the palace was rebuilt in 1722-1736 by the Sieniawski and Czartoryski family according to the design of Jan Zygmunt Deibel in the rococo style. In 1785-1810, the palace was rebuilt in the Classicist style, designed by Christian Petr Eigner. Peacocks roam freely in the palace complex, surprising and delighting visitors.
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