History of Yemeni Immigrants Brought into the Dutch East India Company ❓
Quoting the book "History" by H. Purwanta et al. (2007:45), Arab colonists from Hadramaut are estimated to have arrived in Indonesia during the Middle Ages, specifically in the 13th century. Almost all of the colonists were male.
The arrival of Arab colonists from Hadramaut to Indonesia is estimated to have occurred in three main waves.
9th-13th Century AD
The oldest historical record is the establishment of the Peureulak Kingdom in East Aceh on 1 Muharram 225 AH (840 AD).[10] Just two centuries after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, one of his descendants, Sayyid Ali bin Muhammad Dibaj bin Ja'far Sadiq, migrated to Perlak. He then married Makhdum Tansyuri, the younger brother of Syahir Nuwi from that kingdom.[11] From this marriage was born Alaiddin Syed Maulana Abdul Azis Shah, the first King of the Peureulak Kingdom (840–864). This historical record is officially owned by the East Aceh Regency Ulema Council and was confirmed in a seminar as a paper on "The History of the Arrival and Development of Islam in Aceh" on July 10, 1978, by the late Prof. Ali Hasyimi.[12]
12th-15th Centuries AD
This period marked the arrival of the Walisongo (Islamic leaders) spearheaded by the extended family of Sheikh Jamaluddin Akbar al-Husaini from Gujarat[13][14], a descendant of Sheikh Muhammad Shahib Mirbath, a great scholar from Hadramaut. He and his sons preached throughout Southeast Asia and the Indonesian archipelago, with the primary strategy of spreading Islam through marriages with local residents, primarily from the Hindu royal nobility.
17th-19th Centuries AD
This century was the final wave, marked by the mass migration of the Alawiyyin of Hadramaut, who spread Islam while trading in the Indonesian archipelago. These later immigrants can be identified by their descendants to this day because, unlike their predecessors, they did not intermarry much with the native population. Furthermore, they are identified by commonly known surnames such as al-Attas, Assegaf, al-Jufri, al-Aydrus, Shihab, Shahab, al-Haddad, al-Habsyi, and others.
This is understandable, as these surnames were formed relatively recently. The oldest recorded surname in Hadramaut history is as-Saqqaf (Assegaf).