FENIX A320 | IRS Alignment Mode
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The Air Data & Inertial Reference System (ADIRS), divided into three individual ADIRUs independent of each other, are a navigation aid. They consist of computers, laser gyroscopes, and accelerometers in order to estimate the position and orientation of the aircraft's 3 axes without external references!
In fact, they provide temperature, anemometric, barometric, and inertial parameters to the EFIS system (i.e., the PFD and ND) and other user systems.
These data sources are collected through four types of sensors:
(3) Pitot probes;
(6) Static pressure probes (STAT);
(3) Angle of Attack (AOA) sensors;
(2) Total air temperature (TAT) probes;
Note: These sensors are electrically heated to prevent icing.
The system includes:
● Three identical ADIRUs (Air Data and Inertial Reference Units).
Each ADIRU is divided into two parts, one of which can operate separately if the other fails.
● A dedicated ADIRS control panel (41VU - ADIRS MSU PANEL) located on the Overhead, which allows selection of the 3 modes of each individual ADIRU, namely NAV, ATT and OFF.
● Two GPS receivers, connected to the IR part of the ADIRUs for hybrid position calculation.
● Eight ADMs or (Air Data Modules) convert all pneumatic data from the PITOT and STAT probes into numerical data for the ADIRUs. Note: Without the ADMs, the aircraft could not know and calculate the pressures in the ducts.
How do you align the inertial platforms?
To align inertial platforms, there are several ways, and we will now address each of them.
● In case number one, the one most commonly used as standard, involves selecting all 3 adiru in NAV mode. The latitude and longitude are automatically initialized by the GPS receivers. Note: The ON BAT light indicates that the IRs are powered by the aircraft batteries. This light comes on briefly during self test at the beginning of the alignment sequence. The ALIGN indicator lights, on the other hand, come on steadily during the alignment sequence and turn off at the end of the alignment. The indicator lights flash white under the following conditions:
IRU alignment error
No present position entered on the INIT page of the MCDU after 10 minutes from the start of the alignment sequence.
The entered position differs from the off position by more than 1°.
The alignment time can take 5 to 15 minutes, and varies depending on the geographic latitude of the aircraft. you can view the countdown in two ways: through the "data display" window or as a MEMO in the Engine & Warning Display (E/WD).
● In case number two, on the other hand, it involves a realignment (quick-realign) of the IRs during a Turn Around. Usually this procedure is not necessary, however if an ADIRU accumulates a GS velocity discrepancy greater than 5kt, (indicated on either of the NDs for IR1 and 2 and on the data display in the ADIRS panel for IR3 or on the IRS Monitor page of the MCDU), a 30-second realignment between flight legs is required. This is done by selecting the OFF position on the IRS switches and repositioning them to NAV within 5 seconds. This procedure resets residual velocity errors to zero and redefines the position from previous NAV mode operations. The Pitch, Roll, Heading and IRS sensors are not reset.
● In case number 3, an alignment can be performed by entering the position manually when automatic initialization is not available or is manually cancelled by the flight crew. This can be done through the last reference position stored by the ADIRUs prior to shutdown or by entering coordinates from the keypad (if equipped). For example, this can be used to enter accurate gate coordinates when the aircraft is intended to fly without GPS over long routes without radio coverage (LOC - VOR/DME).
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